The pathogenesis of essential hypertension is multifactorial and highly complex.
The kidney is both the contributing and the target organ of the hypertensive processes, [1]
The disease involves the interaction of multiple organ systems and numerous mechanisms of independent or interdependent pathways.
Factors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension include genetics, activation of neurohormonal systems such as the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, obesity, and increased dietary salt intake.
Arterial hypertension is the condition of persistent elevation of systemic blood pressure (BP). BP is the product of cardiac output and total peripheral vascular resistance.
Multiple factors are involved in short-term and long-term regulation of BP for adequate tissue perfusion; these include the following:
Cardiac output and circulatory blood volume
Vascular caliber, elasticity, and reactivity
Humoral mediators
Neural stimulation